Increasing market demand and awareness among airlines and consumers about the benefits of SAF is essential for driving adoption.

The availability and sustainability of feedstocks (e.g., used cooking oil, agricultural residues) are limited, making it crucial to ensure a consistent and sustainable supply.

Ensuring that SAF meets stringent aviation fuel standards and obtaining necessary certifications can be a complex and lengthy process.

Some SAF pathways are commercially available, but others are still in the pilot or demonstration stages, requiring advancement to commercial scale.

While SAF reduces carbon emissions, the overall environmental impact, including land use and water consumption for feedstock production, needs careful management.

Existing fuel infrastructure is primarily designed for conventional jet fuel, and adapting or building new infrastructure to handle SAF can be costly and complex.

Securing sufficient investment and financing for SAF projects is challenging, especially given the high initial costs and long payback periods

Strong regulatory frameworks and policy incentives, such as subsidies, mandates, and carbon pricing mechanisms, are needed to support the SAF industry and make SAF more competitive.

Scaling up production from pilot to commercial levels requires significant investment and time, posing a challenge for rapid deployment.

Producing SAF is currently more expensive than conventional jet fuel, creating a significant barrier to widespread adoption.