Core
C2
Production Pathways
Go deep on how SAF is actually made — with heavy emphasis on HEFA/HFS hydroprocessing, the dominant pathway, and critical palm oil sustainability analysis for Southeast Asia.
What you will cover
Complete pathway overview: Fischer-Tropsch, HEFA/HFS, Alcohol-to-Jet, Synthesized Iso-Paraffins, Catalytic Hydrothermolysis, co-processing, and Power-to-Liquid
Technology readiness comparison: TRL levels, commercial status, feedstock requirements, cost ranges, and GHG reduction potential for each pathway
HEFA/HFS deep dive: process chemistry (deoxygenation, hydrocracking, isomerization), catalyst selection, and operating conditions
HFS feedstock portfolio: waste oils (UCO), animal fats, vegetable oils, POME, algal oils — yield economics and co-product value
Commercial HFS operations: Neste Porvoo & Singapore, World Energy Paramount, bp Cherry Point — capacity, throughput, and lessons learned
Palm oil sustainability analysis: POME vs. PFAD vs. virgin palm oil distinctions, RSPO certification models, and EU ILUC risk classification
Methane capture from POME: converting environmental liability into feedstock advantage — critical for Southeast Asian context
Emerging pathways: ethanol-to-jet (key for Thailand, India), gasification + FT for MSW, Power-to-Liquid economics, and synthetic biology approaches
Pathway selection framework: matching technology to regional feedstock availability, infrastructure, and policy context
Learning Outcomes
Describe all major ASTM-approved SAF production pathways and evaluate their technological readiness
Explain the HEFA/HFS process in detail including feedstock requirements, process steps, yields, and co-products
Critically assess palm oil feedstock sustainability including RSPO certification, ILUC risk, and methane capture opportunities
Recommend appropriate production pathways for different Asia-Pacific country contexts
Hands-On Activities
Describe all major ASTM-approved SAF production pathways and evaluate their technological readiness
Explain the HEFA/HFS process in detail including feedstock requirements, process steps, yields, and co-products
Critically assess palm oil feedstock sustainability including RSPO certification, ILUC risk, and methane capture opportunities
Recommend appropriate production pathways for different Asia-Pacific country contexts